How to become a US citizen: A simple guide

Becoming a United States citizen is possible with the process of naturalization. If someone born outside of the U.S. meets certain requirements they can apply for citizenship in a very simple and straightforward process that consists in filling out a form with personal data, sending some documents and passing the U.S. citizenship test. However, this could be more complicated for those with unique circumstances or language barriers, as it is a requirement to speak basic English. Here’s how the process works:

Requirements

To be eligible, one must be at least 18 years old at the time of the application, be able to read, write and speak basic English, and has to be of “good moral character”. The applicant also must belong to one of the following categories.

• Lawful permanent resident (Green Card holder) for five years
• Married to a U.S. citizen
• U.S. military service member (active duty or veteran)
• Child of a U.S. citizen

How to apply for U.S.citizenship

First, one must determine if they are eligible to become a U.S. citizen. An easy way of doing it is using the Naturalization Eligibility Worksheet Instructions, provided by USCIS. It includes a step-by-step guide to know if someone can continue with the naturalization process.

Once knowing if they are eligible, they have to fill out Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, which can be done online. For this, the applicant needs a USCIS account that will also allow to pay the filing fee online, check the status of the application, manage contact information and more.

The N-400 form is filled with personal details such as name, address, date of birth, and contact information. Additionally, applicants must provide information about their immigration and residency history, including details about their Permanent Resident Card (“Green Card”), travel outside the United States, and any criminal history.

Applicants are also required to disclose their marital history, employment status, and information about their children, if applicable. The form includes sections where individuals can provide details about their ability to read, write, and speak English, as well as their understanding of U.S. history and government.

Along with the completed N-400 form, applicants must submit supporting documentation, such as a photocopy of both sides of their Green Card (if applicable), photographs, and fees. The N-400 form and its accompanying documentation are reviewed by USCIS as part of the naturalization process to determine an applicant’s eligibility for U.S. citizenship. If applicable, the applicant then will be scheduled for a biometrics appointment.

After the preliminary process, USCIS will schedule an interview to complete the naturalization process. The interview includes the U.S. Citizenship Test which consists of up to 10 oral civics questions out of 100, with applicants required to answer at least six correctly. The questions cover American government, history, and integrated civics. USCIS provides resources for applicants to study, and accommodations are available for individuals with medical disabilities. Failing any part of the test will lead to retaking it within 60 to 90 days, and if unsuccessful again, restarting the entire process.

How long does it take?

The naturalization process typically takes around nine to 11 months, subject to various factors. Professional guidance may be sought to improve the chances of success in the test.

After passing the test, the applicant will receive a notice to take the Oath of Allegiance, which they will have to do, after which the process will be finished and the applicant will become a U.S. citizen. The USCIS has a list of rights and responsibilities new U.S. citizens “should exercise, honor, and respect”.

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